role of hypotheses, especially of the atomistic one; he also did interesting research on the methodological status of statistical laws, considering chance, which forms the basis of these laws (so-called ‘calculable chance’) to be a special kind of causal relation. The biologists, Benedykt Dybowski (1833-1930) and J6zef Nussbaum-Hilarowicz (1859-1917), engaged in polemics with Catholic philosophers [...]

With the exception of the 1805-1818 period, observations were recorded for all years, although a few involved very restricted areas (e.g., the environs surrounding a fur-trading post). The other geographic limitation was that there were considerably more observations in the ccntral plains than in the northern and southern regions simply because the Platte, Arkansas, and [...]

 
 
The purpose of this book is to show how this area, with its three dominant characteristics, affected the various peoples, nations as well as individuals, who came to take and occupy it, and was affected by them; for this land, with the unity given it by its three dominant characteristics, has from the begin­ning worked [...]

This leaves on the bystanders the impres­sion – since wc cannot reasonably deny the existence of the object – that our account of truth breaks down, and that our critics have driven us from the field. Altho in various places in this volume I try to refute the slanderous chargc that wc denv real existence, [...]